Mechanisms and Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis from the Perspective of Modern Medicine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71204/c4x4t363Keywords:
Allergic Rhinitis, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Mechanism of ActionAbstract
This article conducts a systematic review of the biological mechanisms and research progress in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating allergic rhinitis (AR) from a modern medical perspective. Research indicates that TCM exerts systemic therapeutic effects through a multi-target, multi-level network, with core mechanisms focusing on five key areas: first, the regulation of intestinal microecology, reshaping gut microbiota composition and metabolites based on the “gut-nose axis” theory; second, the repair of the mucosal barrier, protecting nasal epithelial cells by modulating programmed cell death pathways such as pyroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis; third, the restoration of immune homeostasis, correcting Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg imbalances and inhibiting IgE-mediated cascade reactions; fourth, the modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, including TLRs, NF-κB, and MAPK; and fifth, neuro-immune regulation, suppressing neuropeptide release and neurogenic inflammation. Current evidence suggests that TCM offers the advantage of “constitutional regulation and prognosis improvement.” Its integration with conventional therapies can significantly lower AR recurrence rates and mitigate drug-related side effects. To address challenges like lack of standardization and mechanistic opacity in TCM research, this review proposes establishing an evidence-based, standardized diagnostic and therapeutic framework. Utilizing whole-genomics, network pharmacology, and artificial intelligence for precise subtyping and personalized treatment is recommended to advance the modernization and scientific development of TCM in AR management.
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